December 2025 - Swift Health

Knee pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions, affecting people of all ages—from athletes to desk workers. Because the knee is a complex, weight-bearing joint, it’s vulnerable to injuries, inflammation, and wear-and-tear. If you’re experiencing chronic knee pain, acute knee pain, or discomfort that interferes with daily life, understanding the root cause is essential to finding relief. This guide covers the common causes of knee pain, effective knee pain treatments, and how to know when it’s time to seek help from a physical therapist. Common Causes of Knee Pain 1. Overuse Injuries Repetitive stress from activities such as running, squatting, or climbing stairs can overload the knee joint. Overuse injuries include: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (runner’s knee) Patellar tendinitis (jumper’s knee) IT band syndrome These conditions often cause front-of-knee pain or discomfort that worsens with activity. 2. Ligament Sprains and Tears Sudden twisting, pivoting, or direct impact can injure the knee’s ligaments.Common injuries include: ACL tears MCL sprains LCL and PCL injuries These may lead to knee instability, swelling, or difficulty bearing weight. 3. Meniscus Tears The meniscus absorbs shock and protects the cartilage. Twists or deep squats can cause tears, leading to: Clicking or popping in the knee Knee locking Pain along the joint line Both traumatic and degenerative meniscus tears are frequent causes of knee pain in adults. 4. Arthritis Arthritis is a leading cause of chronic knee pain, especially in older adults.Common types include: Osteoarthritis of the knee Rheumatoid arthritis Post-traumatic arthritis Symptoms often involve stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility. 5. Muscle Weakness or Imbalances Weakness in the hips, quads, hamstrings, or core can alter movement patterns, increasing stress on the knee joint. Addressing these issues is a major part of physical therapy for knee pain. 6. Biomechanical Issues Conditions such as flat feet, poor posture, or incorrect movement patterns can lead to knee joint misalignment, contributing to chronic irritation or overloading. Effective Knee Pain Treatments 1. Rest and Activity Modification Short-term rest helps reduce irritation, but prolonged inactivity isn’t ideal. Controlled movement and gradual return to activity can help promote healing and reduce joint stiffness. 2. Ice and Heat Therapy Ice reduces inflammation and swelling, especially after injury. Heat relaxes tight tissues and improves mobility. Both can be helpful tools for at-home knee pain relief. 3. Compression and Elevation These strategies help manage swelling and decrease discomfort, especially during the early stages of injury. 4. Physical Therapy Physical therapy for knee pain is one of the most effective and research-supported treatments. A PT may provide: Strengthening exercises Mobility and flexibility training Balance and neuromuscular work Gait analysis and movement correction Manual therapy techniques Physical therapy addresses underlying issues rather than just masking symptoms. 5. Medications Over-the-counter NSAIDs can help reduce pain and inflammation. Always use medications as directed and consult a healthcare provider if pain persists. 6. Bracing or Orthotics Knee braces or custom orthotics can improve alignment, provide support, and reduce strain on irritated tissues. 7. Injections or Surgical Options Corticosteroid injections, hyaluronic acid, or surgery may be recommended for severe cases, advanced arthritis, or structural damage. A medical professional can guide you to the right option. When to See a Physical Therapist for Knee Pain It may be time to schedule a PT appointment if: 1. Your knee pain lasts longer than 1–2 weeks. Long-lasting pain often signals biomechanical issues or tissue irritation that needs targeted treatment. 2. Pain affects daily activities. If walking, stairs, sitting, or exercising cause discomfort, a physical therapist can help restore mobility and strength. 3. Your knee feels weak, unstable, or “gives out.” Instability is a sign of muscle imbalance or ligament involvement. 4. You experience swelling, stiffness, or reduced range of motion. These symptoms indicate underlying inflammation or joint dysfunction. 5. You recently had an injury or surgery. Early rehab is key to a safe and effective recovery. 6. You want to prevent future injuries. PT can help correct movement patterns that may cause future problems. Final Thoughts Knee pain can significantly impact your daily life, but the good news is that most causes are treatable with the right approach. Understanding what’s behind your discomfort—and knowing when to seek professional care—can help you return to the activities you love safely and confidently. If knee pain is keeping you from moving well, a physical therapist can help diagnose the problem, guide your recovery, and create a long-term plan for healthy, pain-free movement.

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Understanding Knee Pain: Causes, Treatments & When to See a Physical Therapist